Responses of Breeding Bird Communities to Forest Fragmentation
نویسنده
چکیده
Field studies in eastern North America indicate that local densities of most forest-dwelling bird species are directly or indirectly influenced by forest insularization. Relevant site variables among those measured include patch area and isolation, tree stature and density, and development of herbaceous and shrub understorey. In general, highly migratory species that specialize on forest-interior habitat are adversely affected by forest fragmentation, whereas forest-edge species, particularly year-round inhabitants (here termed 'residents'), tend to achieve higher local densities in fragmented forests. In eastern North America, rates of nest parasitism and nest predation are correlated with patch insularity. Several life history characteristics appear to make highly migratory species especially sensitive to these direct agents of reproductive failure.
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